The Janata Pariwar

                                    The Janata Pariwar

            Modi to Nitish:- How many seats you have won.
             Nitish to Modi:- Two seats.
            Modi to Nitish :- I also won two seats,Vadodara and Varanasi.
             Nitish to Modi :- I resigned as Chief Minister.
             Modi to Nitish:- I had also to resign.
     This was the popular gossip circulating on Twitter and Facebook those days.I had flown to Canada on May 10,2014 in the evening when Supreme Court closed for summer vacation to spend our days with daughter,son in law and grand daughter.There was excitement on our part to reach Canada but I was missing the excitement of being in India when the election result was to come on May 16.My daughter had opted for some Indian channels to let me watch the election results.I sat down in front of TV on May 15,2014 @ 09.00 PM.I was sure Narendra Modi would be in the front seat but never expected BJP alone will bag 282 seats on its own and NDA will reach the mark of 336.I had none to share my excitement as it beyond mid night and all were fast asleep in the house.
          More than the surprise of Modi single handedly beating the opponents, it came as a shock that Congress got stuck at 44 Pan India but lost 20 seats in UP winning only two,SP could win only 5 family seats,Mayawati,DMK and Congress in TN drew a blank.BJP went to win 73 seats in UP.Lalu could win only 4 seats and Congress winning only 2 in Bihar.Same story was repeated in other States.It was an unprecended results giving hard time to all political pundits to explain the results.
          I remember Modi in his interview to Rajat Sharma of India TV had said that he was a student of political science and in this election arithmetics was not going to work,it will be political chemistry which will show the result.I was also not very sure that Modi's predictions would work.Mind Modi's words not arithmatics but chemistry.Still the old leaders of Janata Pariwar are trying to come together and prove that it will be arithmetics which will work and not chemistry.
          Friends will recollect mid Seventy when students agitation started from Gujarat travelled to Bihar and Late JP took over the mantor of agitation and challenged Mrs.Indira Gandhi who in the wake of Allahabad High Court Judgment disqualifying her had to impose emergency in the summers of 1975 ,bolt all the opposition leaders in jail,Sanjaya Gandhi's emergency excesses started taking its toll.When she lifted the emergency and announce national election,JP's initiatives brought all opposition parties under one umbrella and it was called Janata Party which won the national election unseating Mrs.Indira Gandhi.Sanjaya Gandhi and Indira Gandhi lost their own elections.It was peoples participation that gave Janata Party its majority,peoples aspiration had come true.Mulayam,Lalu,Nitish,Subodh Kant Sahay and Ram Vilas Paswan and others were part of that victory march under the leaderships of Jaya Prakash Narayan.There was not an iota of Caste and Communal appeal in 1977,it was purely peoples verdict against Mrs.Gandhi's high handedness.
         Now the same defunct leaders are trying to cobble up against Modi on the basis of 2014's arithmetical integration and not the chemistry with the people.They who abused each other profusely in the last few decades are joining their hands together in the name secularism and caste equation.All those leaders who ascended the Victory Fort with the blessings of a saint like politician JP would certainly fail to ascend even one step on the ladder with their caste and communal appeal.It is only a last resort of arithmetical politics that they are trying to cobble up against Modi.Each one of them have lost their sheen.Nitish - Lalu combine can only add up some percentage of votes in the name of caste appeal but still chemistry will have final laugh at them.Would Mayawati shake hand with Mulayam in UP,would Mamata join hands with the left in W.B.? Grapes are really sower, as it can not be reached.Modi's majic is still working and once his efforts start surfacing on the ground,it will add miracle to Modi's success.He is working hard with his ministers,not even a small scam has surfaced in the last 7 months,nature is also trying to help him such as Petroleum prices falling internationally,inflation index falling drastically,production index rising up.Modi is burning midnight oil in implementing the stuck up $ 300 billion projects.His "Make in India " has to take shape and foreign investments have to start pouring in.Once the results are visible with naked eye,Janata Pariwars cobbling up will not have any appeal to the people.
          These Janata Pariwar leaders must not forget that each one of them are egoists and fell apart because each one of them wanted to have grip on the party,failing which they formed their own party and parted company.The all jointly and severaly damaged the Janata Party and broke the party into pieces.Now,they all want to join the pieces of the broken glass removing even the mark of joining,which to my mind appears to be impossible.Even God will not save them.

Self Denial Of Congress.

                              Self Denial Of Congress.

          Congress leadership have asked for reports from its workers many a times and have again asked for such report.Poor workers must be amused to send an honest report with regard to its present day affairs.Poor Antony did submit his reports couple of times but also failed to put down the real reason for its debacle in the Parliament election as well as in several Assembly elections.If Congress high command sits coolely to know the reason which they know,it will come to a few irresistible conclusion of its debacle.Before the election started,Congress high command knew it definitely that it has lost the sheen and was going to loose the election of Parliament.Congress was prepared to receive the result of loss.In Assembly elections also Congress was more than satisfied that it is going to loose all the Assembly elections.
          Congress enjoyed the two five year terms in Parliament and three five year term in Maharashtra and two five year term in Haryana and power sharing in Jharkhand and in J&K.It had fully exploited its position in whole of the nation and I shall not hesitate to emphasize that it fully indulged in corrupt practices and the leadership had amassed huge wealth in all those years.Dr.Manmohan Singh just functioned as conduit to Gandhi family and allowed its fair image to be soiled.All Ministers in central cabinet as well in States helped the family to run amuck with collection of illicit money.Vadra was more than proactive to encash his relationship as no Congress functionary would refuge to deliver to Vadra on platter what ever he demanded.Every member of the Gandhi family helped each other to plunder the resources of this country.
           No Congress leader or worker could refuge to lend its helping hand to Gandhi family,there was no occasion for any of them to ever raise their eyebrow on the state of affairs prevailing in the country.Probably,it has been always the congress culture to help the family.When Indira Gandhi was in power,every congressmen knew what is happening in the country but never showed their ressentment including declaring Emergency in the summers of 1975.However,a couple of leaders turned against Mrs.Gandhi after she lost election in 1977.
           When Rajiv Gandhi came to power in 1984 with 415 seats in Parliament ,which even Pt.Nehru or Indira Gandhi ever dreamt of,Congressmen were upbeat in supporting Rajiv Gandhi in all his legitimate or illegitimate actions.In Congress,every one is only Yesmen as usual and they do not object to illegitimate action of members of Nehru-Gandhi family come what ever it may result into with the result that massive support enjoyed by Rajiv was fritterd away in five years and surrenderd to V.P.Singh in 1989.All members of Rajiv Cabinet went out of board to defend Rajiv Gandhi of the allegations of corruption.The way B.Shankaranand conducted the JPC on Bofors, he made himself a laughing stock.
           This is the history of Congress and Congressmen.All join their hands together to plunder the nation and keep turning in bed when thrown out of power as they just wait for fall of the government of opposition party.It happened in 1977,1991,and 2004.Vajpaee government functioned very well in those years in late 90s and early 2000 but it fell short by a few seats in 2004, Congress hurriedly formed UPA and formed its government under the Never To Be PM Dr.Manmohan Singh.The growth rate of 8.4 inheritated from Sri Atal Bihari Vajpaee and enjoyed the power for 10 years and finally brought down the growth rate to 4.8 to be inheritated by Modi Government.
             Congress high command and all the leaders know it absolutely clear that it lost power because of constantly indulging in corruption and incompetent leadership.Which Congressman will say on record that Rahul Gandhi is an incompetent leader and that corruption had become brand for UPA in those ten years.That is how Congress propose to spend next five years and rely upon the failures of Modi Government when election takes place 2019.

Dr.Rajendra Prasad

                           Dr.Rajendra Prasad

           Deshratna Dr.Rajendra Prasad was the first President of India from 1950 to 1962,only person to hold the exalted office for two terms.When India became Republic on January 26,1950,Taken Babu was installed as President of India as he was Chairman of Constituent Assembly.In 1952,he won the first election for Presidenship which was hailed by every one but in 1957 when second term was to be provided to him,Pt.Nehru did not agree for his renomination and put up his own candidate.But Rajen Babu won hands down against Pt.Nehru's candidate.He was not only intelligent but a genius since his student life.He always stood first in all examinations from School to Post graduation.Even the examiner of his English paper had given the remarks " Examinee is better than the Examiner." Such was his level of intelligence.
          He was a saintly person,a very successful lawyer and a warm hearted philanthrophist,a popular leader but simplest in his attitude towards his life.An honest politician to the core in as much as that when he laid his office he had no home to stay in as his Ziradei house in the village had become completely uninhabitable.Congress offered him Sadaqat Ashram,Congress Office at Patna where he spent his last days.
           Born on December 3,1884 in a village called Ziradei near Siwan now a District HQ in Bihar in the family of Mahadev Sahaya,a reputed Kayastha family.He was youngest amongst three sisters and two brothers.He had his early education in Bihar and later moved to erstwhile Calcutta for College education where he studied up to M.A.
            Taken Babu's life was like an open book and so much have been written about him that it is almost redundant to write about him.But I wanted to write one aspect of his life which I am going to extract from his Autobiography which might look funny in today's contest.
          After he finished his postgraduation,he wanted to go to England to do I.C.S.Dr.Sachidanand Sinha who later on became protem Chairman of Constituent Assembly fully supported his view and promised full support to him.Bran Kishore Prasad a famous lawyer also promised to him.Then the taboos used to be amongst Kayasthas were that if one travelled abroad,he used to be excommunicated from the community.Still Taken Babu wanted to go to England.
          Rajen  Babu writes in his autobiography and described the incident in the following words:-
         " When preparations were almost complete in Calcutta for my departure,a small incident occurred.All my friends who shared my secret plans were crazy about going to England.They thought they might get an opportunity later and would reach there after I settle down there.One day one of my friends suggested that we should go and see an astrologer about prospects of going abroad .Accordingly we went to see him.The old Brahmin,as soon we entered his house,claimed to know the purpose of our visit.We,therefore asked him if our wishes are going to be fulfilled.Looking at me,he said that my desire would be fulfilled later in life but not just then.Then he turned to my friend ,Sukhdev Prasad Verma and said : " Your desire is going to be fulfilled very soon."
           Paying him a rupee,they came out and laughed at the old man and his ignorance as Rajen Babu had his Passport,clothing's and money ready.But it so happened that next day he received a telegram from his village where he was summoned by his parents.When he reached his village,his mother flately refuged permission to allow him to go to England.
         Rajen Babu came back to Calcutta completely dejected.His all plans had fallen flat.His friend Sukhdev Prasad Verma who had accompanied him to astrologer told Rajen Babu that if he is not going to England,he should give him money and clothings and allow him to travel to England
              The old Brahmin's prophesy came true.Rajen Babu then could not travel to England then but later in life had to travel and his friend who had no plan travelled to England then.
            It is not my intention to propogate any thing which is not acceptable to others but just to narrate an incident in the life of a genius like Dr.Rajendra Prasad.

Trust Vote

                                   Trust Vote

            Devendra Fadnavish Govt. sought and obtained Trust Vote in Maharashtra Assembly as it was required to seek under the invitation to form the Government in Mumbai by the Governer.But it was obtained by Voice Vote and not by Division of votes.
          The day started with the withdrawal of Speakers candidates by Shiv Sena and Congress.These two arch rivals fell in line to the appeal issued by the Chief Minister to allow unanimous election of Speaker.Consequently, BJP candidate was unanimously elected as as Speaker of Maharashtra Assembly.He took of the proceedings immediately thereafter.
           The CM Fadnavish moved one line motion seeking confidence of the House.The motion was put to vote by the Speaker as usual by voice vote.BJP's MLAs said yes,some independents also said yes,two arch rivals Congress and Shiv Sena said no to the motion.NCP MLAs abstained from voting by neither saying yes or no.That is how NCP probably had planned.Speaker announced Voice Vote in favour of Confidence Motion.( My impression is based on reports by electronic media )
            That was the most crucial moment when any member could have demanded Division of votes which was probably not done.Congress and SS MLAs were so much confused that they came to the well and started protesting.What should have been quietly done was missed out by them.After voice vote,when a member seeks Division, Speaker seeks clearance of lobby and felicitate Division of votes.It takes some time to arrange Division of Votes.My reading of the situation appears to be that SS and Congress knew Fadnavish government was supported by NCP by abstentions and thus there was no use seeking Division.They found it more useful to create a scene and brand the government as illegitimate.
           SS MLAs abused BJP for playing fraud inside the assembly.Former CM Prithviraj Chavan called it a black day in the history of Maharashtra Assembly.SSs logic was that those 40  MLAs who wanted Nitin Gadkari to be Maharashtra did not vote for Trust motion.This was a ridiculous logic.SS appears to have missed the bus for ever.
           In the entire scenario of Maharashtra since the days failing to seal seat adjustments for election,Udhav Thakre's immaturity started becoming visible.He was no patch to the political brains which BJP have.At every corner,SS was cornered by BJP and it won 123 seats which was not even offered to BJP by Udhav.SS came poor second in Assembly with 63 seats,of course little better than Congress and NCP but just less than half of BJP.The position of SS became so weak that BJP hardly gave importance to power sharing formula.Udhav became so ambitious that it asked for Speakership,Dy.CM and 12 cabinet bearths which were dismissed by BJP with all contempt at its command.Modi offered two bearths in Central Cabinet with Suresh Prabhu as a must.Anil Desai was also to be included who was sent to Delhi for oath taking but was recalled from the Airport itself.Thus SS lost all the chances it was offered by BJP.Now,SS MLAs who were aspiring to be Ministers would have to wait restlessly for another five years.
              In Maharashtra politics,the intelligence of Sharad Pawar is unparellel.Very shrewdly,he announced unconditional support to BJP in the name of stability of government but Udhav Thakre failed to read and allowed Pawar to create a rift between BJP and SS.It is Sharad Pawar who proved to be insulator between BJP and SS.Hopefully,Devendra Phadnavish government will continue till such time NCP ressurects itself.By then BJP will also strengthen itself by doing some people friendly acts to create goodwill amongst the people.To my mind,in this race SS will have work in cohesion with Congress and destroy itself in next few years.May be SS suffers fracture too by those members who were nourishing aspirations to be in government.
           I am keeping my fingers crossed on the developments in Mumbai and wish the people of Maharashtra gain by these uncertain situations.
           

Congress Culture

                                     Congress Culture

          Most of us know that Pt.Nehru was conferred Bharat Ratna in 1955 while he was the Prime Minister.Mrs.Indira Gandhi was conferred Bharat Ratna in 1971 while she was in the office of Prime Minister.Dr.Rajendra Prasad received this honour in 1962 when he laid the office of President of India.Sardar Patel about whom Congmen started tom tomming after Narendra Modi stole away his legacy was altogether ignored by Pt.Nehru,Indira Gandhi and other Prime Ministers till 1991 when he was clubbed with Rajiv Gandhi when he was honoured with Bharat Ratna posthomousely.
           What is the morale of the above statements? They did not feel ashamed in honouring themselves while they were in office but ignored others who most merited it.
           Congress Culture can be classified broadly in categories. Firstly,merit has no say in Congress hierarchy. It has become family party after Gandhi sidelined Sardar Patel to be President of Congress Party in 1946 who was supposed to take the reins of the country on achieving freedom in 1947.Out of 15 CWC members ,12 members had voted for Sardar Patel.Surprisingly,not even one member had whispered the name of Pt.Nehru but Gandhi commanded Sardar to withdraw from the contest to pave way for Nehru to become the Prime Minister.Sardar Patel was working tirelessly to unite the 550 princely states to join Union of India.Sardar Patel had had his dreams to usher India.But Maulana Abu Kalam Azad who was laying office of President of Congress in 1946 whispered into the ears of Gandhi that Nehru would be a favourite candidate of Muslims.Gandhi heeded his advice and nominated Nehru.Sardar Saheb was deeply anguished by such decision but abided by Gandhi's dictate.
             Secondly,psycophancy is the hall mark of congress culture.If you want to remain in Congress and progress well in Party,you have to keep showering all praises on the family members including a Thug like Robert Vadra.I have a few friends in Congress who are brilliant on their own right but would not have progressed well had they not indulged in psycophancy. Each and every congressman have to assure and reassure the family members of their bootlicking.A word of resentment against any member of the family would only pave your way out of Congress.Whether gets 206 or 44 seats,it is always because of merits of Gandhi family.Why Congress suffered humiliating defeat either in 2014 National Election or Maharashtra or Haryana elections,no congressman ever pointed out the real cause of their defeat.It does not require the brilliance of Rocket Science to point out that Corruption and Maladministration had been the root cause of these defeats.Particularly,in Rajasthan and Haryana, Vadra's corruption caught the imagination of people.But Congmen did not show any discomfort with the family members.On the contrary Digvijaya Singh wants further promotion for Brainless Rahul Gandhi as President of Congress.Such is the height of psycophancy of Congmen.
              Thirdly,criminalisation of politics was a huge gift parted by Indira Gandhi to the nation.Criminals used to assist the Congmen to win the elections since 1952.I can vouchsafe that in U.P.and Bihar elections,booth capturing was the trick played by Congmen to win the elections.Goons of the area would be hefty sum to ensure booth capturing.These goons would reach the booths and force the Presiding Officers to part with ballet papers and stamp the papers and would stuff the boxes with such papers.That is how elections used to be conducted till 1967 when there was some public awakening and Congress suddenly lost elections in eight states where SVD governments were formed.Criminals also realised that just to assist the politicians in election was not enough.They wanted share in power.Indira Gandhi succumbed to their pressure and started distributing tickets to those criminals.To match those criminals,Oppositions also started distributing tickets to criminals.Today,no party lags behind but Congress always remains the leader.
            Fourthly,Pseudo secularism had been always the plank of their support apart from Brahmins and SC|ST.Congress never believed in deciding the society on the basis of religions.I have already mentioned how and why Sardar Patel was sidelined by Gandhi.Mahatma Gandhi sat on fast unto death in 1948 or so forcing India to pay off 53 Cr.to Pakistan which was not liked by Patel because of aggression of Pakistan in Kashmir in 1947, but he had to succumb to unreasonable demands of Gandhi and pay off the amount.Then in 1956,a big facade appeared when Nehru wanted to Codify laws for Hindus called Hindu Code Bill.Even the President of India resented such codifications.Nehru and Ambedkar's arguments were that Hindus indulge in polygamy, therefore,codification was necessary.There was huge uproar in Parliament in as much as Ambedkar had to resign from Law Ministers' position and the Bill had to be withdrawn.In next sessions,Nehru staked himself and got the bills passed.Uniform Civil Code had been always part of our Constitution as Directive Principles of State Policies but Nehru nevered ventured to embark upon that.So far there are two or three directions by Our Supreme Court but no government worth the name ever moved in that direction.Appeasements of minority had always occupied prominent place in congress mind.Shah Bano case is another case of appeasement policy of Rajiv Gandhi's government.He was so much confused Ho hulla was raised by Hindu Organisations that Rajiv Gandhi ordered opening of locks of Babri Masjid.From then,Hindus had been showing their frustration on such appeasement policy which has resulted in the verdict of 2014 National Election.
             There could be some more core of congress culture but to my mind,the aforesaid are broadly the traits of Congress Culture.Hopefully,Narendra Modi's government functions differently from Congress and takes India to the path of progress and prosperity.

Confuged Udhav Thakre ?

                                    Confused Udhav Thakre ?

            Bala Saheb Thakre founded Shiv Sena with a clear vision of ruling Maharashtra.He was bold,clear headed and courageous leader who tried to interwind Marathi Manush and their pride.He took many steps,he made many statements which can be termed as most controversial and was condemned by all.Late Machu Dandwate who was a great socialist leader from Maharasta who rose to become India's Finance Minister in V.P.Singh's Government once told me that Shiv Sena was a party of goons.He was not wholly wrong.SS used to indulge in hooliganism,create ripples between Maharastrians and Non-Maharastrians.Bala Saheb had the courage to challenge any body,his body language always suggested he reined supreme and ruled the roost.At grass root level,SS captured BMC,one of the largest corporations.However,his stances were anti Muslim and pro Hindu.
             Bala Saheb had alliance with BJP which was very carefully manicured by Vajpayee,and Advani which was given shape by Pramod Mahajan, the articulate leader close to the stalwarts of BJP.The alliance continued for 25 Yrs.No one Mumbai dared to defy Bala Saheb,however famous he may be.They knew,at the whisper of Bala Saheb his life could become miserable. Bala Saheb had made it very clear through his words and deeds.Matoshri was a Fort from where Bala Saheb ruled through his cheftians. Despite his dominating personalities,a few leaders deserted SS and some of the prominent leaders deserted SS.Chagan Bhijbal,Rane,and Sanjaya Nirupam are a few names to be remembered.Even his nephew Raj Thakre deserted him as he was being sidelined to empower Udhav Thakre.Raj Thakre not only defied SS,he floated MNS a political outfit which turned out to be a dampner for SS.
            Now that Bala Saheb is no more and SS is being steared by his son Udhav Thakre,a mild successor of a bold predecessor, scenario changed very fast.May Parliamentary election was a trial for Modi-Amit Shah who accepted the terms set by Udhav Thakre but having tasted unprecedented success on May 16,2014,the forward looking Modi- Amit Shah team became emboldened and wanted to test the waters of Assembly elections in Maharashtra and Haryana.BJP broke its alliance with Bishnoi's party HJS Party and decided to go alone in Haryana,Negotiations started for seat sharing in Maharashtra.BJP wanted to improve its tally which was at 46 (288) and wanted equal share on seats.Here the political accumanship of Udhav Thakre dried up and still wanted to dictate its terms with BJP.Udhav failed to gauge the ground reality and swelling support in favour of BJP.Amit Shah was elevated as BJP President and Modi was making a grand mark domestically and internationally.He was triumphing every where.People in Maharashtra too had shown confidence in Maharashtra where BJP- SS combine had cornered 42 seats.Modi was the face in May election but Udhav always thought it was he who reined in.
            Udhav should have accepted equal partnership in Assembly election but he remained stub burn and wanted to still behave like a big brother and wanted 151 seats for SS and 121 seats for BJP which was not acceptable to BJP.The 25 Yrs.old alliance was going to break down but Udhav did not realise it.The alliance broke and BJP had to contest on all 288 seats with its allies.There were around more than 150-160 seats which was never contested by BJP in the past but BJP in a few days managed to nominate candidates.Electioneering started,Modi again became the  face of BJP who addressed meetings in all corners of Maharashtra but never attacked Bala Saheb or SS.His focussed attack was Congress- NCP combine.However, Udhav likened Modi as Afzal Khan.It was too bad on his part as it was just childish.Samana went to the extent of attacking Modi's father also.
              When results were announced on Oct,19 instant,it was stunning.BJP won 123 which was triple from its last tally and SS got stuck at ,63,half of what BJP bagged.That should have been an eye opener for Udhav,but he kept his eyes shut.He is not in a position to dictate his terms,only option is to submit.He must know that if he has to reconcile tomorrow, he should reconcile today.That is the political wisdom.But Udhav shies away from accepting the writing on the wall.If BJP forms minority government,SS will have to support such government from outside as it can not pull down such government aligning with Congress particularly when NCP have indicated its unconditional support to BJP government.
              Udhav Thakre appears to be completely confused and fast loosing the momentum.With 18 MPs and one Cabinet Minister at the Central Government,negotiations would have ended in a few days and all matters would have been settled.However,Udhav has to remove his old glasses and put on his nose a friendly glasses and come on board fast.
           

Ammending Powers Under The Constitution

                      Amending Powers Under The Constitution

             " A Constitution is framed for ages to come, and is designed to approach immortality as nearly as human institutions can approach it.Its course cannot always be tranquil."
               Chief Justice John Marshall ( The first CJ of US Supreme Court )
        The US Constitution has 7 Articles devided into several sections and 14 Amendments were added later on.In all there had been 26 amendments so far since 1787.
          The Constitution of India was adopted on November 26,1949 and came into force on January 26,1950.The first amendment to Constitution came immediately in 1951.There after more than hundred amendments have come into force in the last 64 yrs.
          The Supreme Court of India was constituted with 7 Judges on January 26,1950.At the inauguration,the first Chief Justice of India  Harilal Kania after taking oath from Dr.Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India, said :- " The Court should interpret the constitution with an enlightened liberality and administer the law with goodwill and sympathy for all.The court should be quite untouchable by the legislature or the executive authority in the performance of its duties."
        Article!e 368 of our Constitution provides ammending powers to the Parliament.In a case Keshwanand Bharti Vs.State of Kerala ( AIR 1973 SC 1461 ) a question arose regarding the ammending powers of the Constitution by the Parliament.Whether the Parliament have unlimited power to ammend the Constitution or it can ammend with some limitations on it.The Supreme Court constituted a 13 Judge Bench presided over by the Chief Justice of India S.M.Sikri.This is the largest bench so far which have decided a case.Next larger benches are 9 Judge bench.
             The case was heard for six months and was argued by emminent counsel such as N.A.Palkhiwala for the petitioner H.H.Keshwanand Bharti.The State of Kerala was represented by a Constitutional authority H.M.Seervai.The Government of India was represented by its Attorney General Niren Dey.
          Out of the 13 Judges_11 separate opinions were expressed by the Judges.Six Judges namely CJ Sikri,Justices Shelat and Grover,Hegde and Mukhrjea and Jagannath Reddy by four separate Judgments held that the ammending power was limited by various inherent and implied limitations in the Constitution including fundamental rights.
          Six other Judges namely Justices A.N.Ray ( Who was later on appointed as Chief Justice of India superceding three senior Judges by Mrs.Indira Gandhi in 1973 ),Palekar,Mathew,Dwivedi,Beg and Chandrachud delivered six separate judgments holding that there were no limitations on the ammending powers of Parliament.
       One Judge Justice H.R.Khanna ( who was later on also superceded  and was not allowed to become CJI by Mrs.Indira Gandhi ) held that the ammending power was plenary in every sence ,but the word " amendment "in Art.368 by its limited connotation did not lend itself to abrogating the Constitution.Any amendment to the Constitution had necessarily to retain " the basic structure and framework of the Constitution after the amendment."
            Justice Khanna said:- " Although it is permissible under the power of amendment to effect changes,howsoever important,and to adapt the system to the requirements of the changing conditions,it is not permissible to touch the foundation or to alter the basic institutional pattern.The words " amendment of the Constitution " with all their wide sweep and amplitude can not have the effect of destroying or abrogating the basic structure or framework of the Constitution"
           In view of 11 separate Judgments, a Courts order was passed by 9 Judges which inter alia read as follows:-
       2. Article 368 does not enable Parliament to alter the basic structure or framework of the Constitution.
            The outcome of this Judgment had clearly upset Mrs.Indira Gandhi who wanted review of the Keshwanand Bharti's case.A.N.Ray became the Chief Justice of India superceeding three senior most Judges. He constituted a Bench of 13 Judges again to reconsider Keshwanand Bharti's case.The Bench sat for two days.N.A.Palkhiwala raised serious objections to the reconsideration of Bhari's case.Eventually,the Bench did not resume sittings on the third day and a message was sent by the Chief Justice through the Registrar that the 13Judge Bench is broken and no further hearing will take place now.As a junior counsel I was also sitting in the Court Hall when the message came.
            Therefore,now the law of the land is that basic structure or framework of the Constitution can not be altered.The fundamental rights,democratic framework of Indian republic,Seculer character etc.of the nation can not be tinkered by any government howsoever powerful it may be.